During the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), the ICRC served as a neutral intermediary between the Governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Republic of Iraq. It visited Prisoners of War held in various camps on both sides and facilitated the exchange of Red Cross Messages between them and their families. The ICRC also supported the repatriation of wounded and sick Prisoners of War and civilians between both parties to the conflict, in conformity with the Third Geneva Convention.

Since the end of the Iran–Iraq War, the ICRC has played a central role by chairing the Tripartite Mechanism, which brings together the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Republic of Iraq, and the ICRC to promote dialogue and support both countries in resolving cases of missing soldiers.

In this capacity, the ICRC facilitates coordination, convenes technical meetings, and provides forensic expertise and material assistance to strengthen efforts to recover and identify human remains. It also oversees the dignified handover of soldiers’ remains between the two countries through ceremonies held at various border crossings.